On the other hand, as a way to approach the crystal is incredibly Superior manufacturing approaches are necessary. Since the dawn of this crystal, engaged on this challenge, we are actually the only real firm in the world which can be processed in this crystal.
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We summarized The present improvement position in the large-electricity DUV laser both of those with the wavelength of FHG on the one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The current improvement with the stable-state/fiber laser, as well as the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts not simply the normal power but in addition the beam quality (coherence) on the DUV lasers to an unparalleled stage.
The average energy in the NIR laser however has the probable to become enhanced to tens of watts including 70 W [26] When the double-go configuration may be used to the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. For this reason, If your conversion efficiency of 31% from NIR to DUV may very well be even now maintained at this bigger ability issue, the typical output electric power in the DUV laser at 258 nm might be in excess of twenty W, which might be a exceptional electricity stage to the DUV laser and bring on the unanticipated DUV laser machining success. Moreover, for high-electricity DUV laser, the UV problems in the nonlinear crystal, including the Home windows for CLBO crystal and also the mirrors, is an additional crucial parameter for long term and stable Procedure.
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On one other side, the power scaling of the NIR laser is yet another component to enhance the normal electric power from the 193-nm DUV laser. Because of the not enough the large-power amplification Option from the NIR laser (such as at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) could be applied to establish a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the desired wavelength together with obtaining relative larger electricity [21]. Not long ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its capacity in acquiring a higher electric power and a substantial conversion performance at the 1st Stokes in the 1-μm laser [22,23], which suggests the likelihood to generally be used from the 193-nm DUV laser era as a consequence of its significant Raman get and huge frequency shift.
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The pulse period of the second Stokes mild was shortened to 5 ns as demonstrated in Figure 7a, one-shot image within the oscilloscope, that's a common phenomenon in Raman laser [44] though the pulse length of the pump laser was 10 ns.
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The beam profile demonstrated in Determine 7b shown a good beam good quality as among the list of merits of Raman laser, which would be helpful to make a 193-nm DUV laser with a top quality beam.
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The development on the 193-nm laser was shown by stages of SFG. So as to scale the DUV laser energy proficiently, a brand new concept on the 193-nm DUV laser technology is introduced according to the diamond Raman laser.